Telegraph system



Aug. 4, 1942. P. HOLCOMB, JR

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM Filed May is, 1959 7 Sheet-Sheet 1 muktzmzk 532522 0% .EDUEU N .EDUNZU INVENTOR P. HOLCOMB,JR.

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UFw m in W-EDOKTU Aug. 4, 1942. P. HQLCOMB, JR

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM Filed May 15,1939. 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 CIRCUIT I02 CIRCUIT IOI TO A REC.

CIRCUIT I03 INVENTOR FIG. 2

P. HOLCOMB, JR.

TO TRANSM ITTERS OF CIRCUITS I04, I05 ETC.

Aug. 4, 1942. P. HOLCZOMB, JR

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM Filed May 13, 1939 '7 Sheets-Sheet 3 W78 K an 5 6 13a 7 I39 k INVENTOR P. HOLCO M B, JR.

CIRCUIT I0] GlRCUIT I03 AT. RNE

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CIRCUIT 201 Y Aug. 4, 1942. P. HOLCOMB, JR

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM Filed May 13, 1959 '7 Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG, 5

CIRCUIT REC. INVENTOR P. HOLCOMB,JR.

8 4, 1942- P. HOLCOMB, JR 2,291,964

' TELEGRAPH SYSTEM Filed May 13, 1939 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 CIRCUIT 20! CIRCUIT 202 INVENTOR P. HOLCOMB,JR.

PIC-3.7 ,41 4

Aug. 4, 1942. P. HOLCOMB, JR 2 2 TELEGRAiH SYSTEM I Filed'llay 15, 1939 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 325 324 TO TRANSMITTERS "326 335 OF CIRCUITS 303,

kw 327 304 ETC. :v-u FIG. 8 3- PJ' CIRCUIT 5 302 1 342 341 U 9 337 cmcurr 5'3 29- 301 INVENTOR P. HO LCOMB, JR.

Patented Aug. 4, 1942 TELEGRAPH SYSTEM Philo Holcomb, In, Great Neck, N. Y., assignor to The Western Union Telegraph Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application May 13, 1939, Serial No. 273,409

23 Claims.

This invention relates generally to telegraph systems and more particularly to transmitting and receiving systems wherein the timing of one or more circuits or devices is controlled by a single distributor.

The transmission of code signals in multiplex telegraphy involves the generation of signal impulses of definite length and predetermined magnitude or polarity. In the system usually employed, positive and negative potentials are impressed upon the segments of a distributor sending ring from which they are transferred to the line by means of a rotating brush. These socalled marking and spacing potentials are usuallyepplied to the distributor by a series of transmitter or relay tongues which are positioned in various combinations on marking and spacing contacts in accordance with a pre-arranged code. Such practice requires a rotary distributor for each multiplex circuit, the speed of which must be accurately regulated and maintained constant. Likewise, in certain types of start-stop telegraph systems, sequencing distributors are employed, one being required with each circuit.

In accordance with the present invention, a novel sequencing distributor arrangement is employed which is capable of controllinga plurality of circuits or channels. A preferred embodiment comprises means whereby a series of impulses of the same polarity are applied successively to the transmitter or relay tongues and are thence directed into one or the other of two circuits by which a relay or equivalent device is operated in accordance with the tongue positions and effects the transmission of coded signals over the line. Since the impulses generated by the sequencing device are of one polarity, they may be simultaneously utilized by a number of transmitters and serve to control the timing of the signals transmitted thereby. Hence, a plurality of telegraph circuits each. having substantially any'desired signal frequency may be operated by one distributing device which serves to control the length of and spacing between the signals on each of said circuits. However, the invention is not limited to systems involving the timing of signals traversing a plurality of circuits by a common sequencing device but includes a novel interconnection of a commutator or equivalent distributor with a transmitter, relay bank or other multiple-circuit device having various applications which will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to utilize a series of'unidirectional impulses to sequence the operation of one or more multiplex channels. 1

Another object of the invention is to provide a means whereby a single timing device may be employed to control transmission over a plurality of telegraph circuits.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a system wherein a plurality of mu1- tiplex telegraph circuits are operated by means of a common sequencing distributor.

A further object of the invention is to provide a system for effecting the operation of a plurality of start-stop circuits by means of a common distributor.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a system using a common rotary distributor means to effect the simultaneous transmission and/or reception of a plurality of different permutation code printer signals over a plurality of independent circuits or channels.

Another object of the invention is to provide a sequencing system in accordance with any of the aforementioned objects and in which the resultant line signals are unbiased.

Another object of the invention is to provide a sequencing system according to any of the aforementioned objects and in which the line signals are not only unbiased but also have the quality of brush-transmitted signals.

Another object of the invention is to provide a master sequencing system for receiving signals from a plurality of telegraph lines having unlike physical and electrical characteristics.

Another object of the invention is to provide, in a master sequencing'receiving system, means for compensating for phase displacement of signals received from lines having unlike physical and electrical characteristics.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear from the following description of several illustrative embodiments thereof taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, of which:

Fig. 1 illustrates a system of sequencing a plurality of start-stop transmitters and in which five-unit code signals are converted into startstop signals and transmitted over a plurality of simplex lines;

Fig. 2 represents transmitting apparatus for obtaining simultaneous transmission over a plurality of two-channel multiplex circuits;

Fig. 3 shows a receiving system which may be used with the transmitting system of Fig. 2;

Figs. 4 and 5 depict transmitting equipment of another embodiment of the invention employing a plurality of four-channel multiplexes;

Fig. 6 is a representation of typical line signals resulting from that portion of the system shown in Fig. 4;

Fig. '7 illustrates a receiving system embodying the invention which may be used with the transmitting system of Figs. 4 and 5; and

Fig.8 illustrates an embodiment of the invention wherein a sequencing device is employed to operate a plurality of telegraph circuits at a number of different signaling frequencies.

Having reference first to Fig. 1, there is shown the transmitting apparatus for a plurality of start-stop or simplex circuits I, 2 and 3. The transmitter 2| may be of the type shown in the patent to Benjamin No. 1,298,440 and is supplied with tape 22 prepared by a keyboard perforator 4 or by a reperforator which may be connected to some other line circuit. It will be understood that other types of transmitters such as any storing transmitter or relay bank may be employed with equal facility. The marking and spacing bus bars 23 and 24 of the transmitter are connected respectively to windings 25 and 28 of a polarized transmitting relay 21. Battery is applied to the marking orleft hand contact of this relay and the simplex line L| to the tongue 28. An impulse generator or distributor 29 is employed to apply battery sequentially to the tongues of the transmitter 2| and, in suit-' able time relation, to the bus bars 23 and 24. Connected in each conductor between the distributor and the transmitter is a unidirectional conducting device such as a copper oxide rectifier 3|.

Associated with the transmitter is a differentially wound auto-stop relay 32 by which the operativeness or the inoperativeness of the transmitter is controlled in accordance with the supply of perforated tape 22, in a manner with which those skilled in the art are familiar.

Assume that transmitter 2| is supplied with a copious quantity of tape and that the transmitter tongues have been set in some combination against either the marking or spacing bus bars. The engagement of the distributor brush 33 with the segment 34 of ring 35 completes a circuit from the battery connected to ring 36 including the rectifier 3| and spacing bus bar 24 to the winding 26 of relay 21. The energization of this winding moves the relay tongue 28 to its right hand contact, thus sending a spacing signal over line LI which constitutes a start signal to actuate the receiving device connected tothe line. As the brush 33 traverses the succeeding five segments of ring 35, impulses are applied successively to the five tongues of the acter and a new character combination is set u by the tongues of this transmitter.

When the loop of tape 22 shortens sufliciently to raise the' stop bar 44, autostop contact is opened, and when next the brush 33 engages segment 31 and relay 38 is operated, the resultant impulse has access only to autostop winding 42 which causes this relay to operate and lock through its contact 48. An added contact 41 also closes and short circuits the tongue 28 and marking contact of relay 21. Line LI is thus maintained in a closed condition during idle transmitter periods thereby preventing operation of the receiving device during such periods.

The transmitting system described has several advantages over prior art start-stop systems in that a constantly rotating distributor, such as herein disclosed, is free from friction clutches, stop arms, latches, etc., and their inherent weaknesses. It also is a system which may be expanded indefinitely to operate as many transmitters as desired from a single sequencing device. For example, Fig. 1 shows a second tape transmitter 48 adapted to send over line L2 by being suitably connected to the distributor 28.

Corresponding terminals of transmitters 2| and 48 may be connected in parallel to the segments of ring 35 of the distributor so that transmission over lines LI and L2 will be simultaneous. However, the tranmitter 48 may be connected as shown so that its cycle of operation is started later than that of transmitter 2| by one segment of ring 35. The purpose of this arrangement is to evenly distribute the load over ring 35 in the event that one or more circuits connected thereto draws a different amount of current than the others.

Where two or more transmitters are sequenced by one distributor, there may be established slight feed-back circuits between thetransmitters.

' Suppose that tongue 49 of transmitter 2| is set transmitter by which they are directed to either of the bus bars 23 or 24 and thence to either winding 25 which moves the relay tongue 28 to its marking or left hand contact, or to winding 25 which positions the relay tongue on its spacing or right hand contact. Subsequently, the engagement of brush 33 with segment 31 sends an impulse through relay winding 38 and marking bus bar 23 to winding 25 of the transmitting relay, whereby a rest signal is sent to the line Ll. Energization of relay winding 38 effects a momentary closure of its contact 39 whereby battery is applied to the opposed windings'll and 42 of the autostop relay 32 and to the winding of the steppingmagnet 43 of transmitter on its marking bus bar 23, tongue 5| of transmitter 48 is set on its spacing bus bar 52 and one or more of the remaining tongues of both transmitters are set on their spacing bus bars. When brush 33 engages segment 53 to send a marking signal to line LI and a spacing signal to line L2, there is, in addition to the circuits for efiecting the desired transmission, a potential circuit from spacing bus bar 52 of transmitter 48 through any tongue (other than 5|) in contact with this bus bar such as tongue 54, conductor 55'and the tongue 56 of transmitter 2| in contact with spacing bus bar 24 which, if completed, would partially energize the spacing winding 26 of relay 21 and thus introduce a slight bias into the transmitted marking signal. This possible bias may be minimized by making the windings 25 and 26 of relay 2'! of low resistance. But current may be preventedfrom flowing in this circuit by the rectifier 51 which is poled to pass current only in a direction toward the transmitter 48. By including one such rectifying device in each transmitter lead, signals sent over each line are entirely independent and unbiased irrespective of the resistance of the transmitting relay windings.

Another form of transmitting device is also shown in Fig. 1 and comprises a relay bank 58 for storing five-unit code signals and a transmitting relay 59 having a multiplicity of operating windings. The tongues of the relay bank 58 are positioned under the influence of operating windings 68 which, in this instance, are connected to the receiving segments ii of a multiplex channeL.

The multiplex receiving distributor 82 and the sequencing distributor 29 are operated in a definite timed relation so that brush 33 makes one complete traverse of ring 35 for every revolution of brush 83 over the segments of the multiplex channel shown. Thus, while the word speeds of the incoming and outgoing signals are identical, it is apparent that the signal frequencies in cycles per second are different, that of the incoming signals being about triple that of the outgoing signals.

Marking signals received on the multiplex distributor 62 position the tongues 64 and 85 of relay bank 58 on their left hand contacts and spacing signals move the tongues totheir right hand contacts. Connected to each of the pairs of contacts associated with the relay tongues 65 are marking windings 68 and spacing windings 81, any of which may control the operation of the tongue 88 of the transmitting relay 59. The tongues 88 and their spacing or right hand contacts are interconnected to form a baffle circuit. The terminals of this circuit are connected by conductors 69 and II respectively to a segment I2 of ring 13 and to winding I4 of relay I5. The marking or left hand contacts associated with tongues 84 are connected in multiple to winding 16 of relay "I5. The tongue H of relay [5 is positioned on its marking or spacing contacts in response to the energization of either the winding 14 or 15 respectively. The bafile circuit is tested once in every revolution of the brush 33 by its engagement with segment 12 which occurs immediately after the completion of a traverse of multiplex channel BI by brush 63 and while a rest signal is being transmitted over line L3. If the multiplex signals stored in the relay bank 58 are all spacing, the' baffle circuit is closed and winding I4 of relay is energized effecting the engagement of tongue 11 with its marking contact. Thus line L3 is kept closed despite the disengagement of tongue 68 and marking contact of relay 59 in response to the "start signal initiated by brush 33. However, when the multiplex signals stored in relay bank 58 include one or more marking pulses, a corresponding number of tongues 64 are moved to their left hand contacts, thereby opening the bafiie circuit and providing a circuit whereby winding I6 of relay 15 is energized to disengage tongue 11 from its marking contact the next time brush 33' engages segment 12. Thus line L3 is restored to the control of transmitting relay 59.

Fig. 2 illustrates a two-channel multiplex system embodying certain features of the present invention, Circuit IIII comprises two tape transmitters I8 and I9 with their respective autostop relays BI and 82. The transmitter bus bars are interconnected so that dissimilar bus bars are strapped together and terminate in the windings B3 and 84 of the regenerative relay 85. The purpose of this arrangement is to represent marking and spacing signals by such line signals that the polarity is reversed for each of the two channels. At times when both channels are idle and all spacing signals are being transmitted, they are represented by line potentials which are reversed between each channel so that synchronism between the sending and receiving distributors may be maintained,

The impulse generator or distributor 86 in the instant embodiment is in the form of a series of contacting members 81, 88, etc. which are actuated by means of a rotating cam or cams, a development of which is represented at 89. When engaged by a cam, the contacting members are moved into engagement with their lower contacts, but normally are held by a spring or other retractile Iorce in engagement with their upper con tacts. Battery is connected to one of the contacting members 81 and is transferred through the upper contact 9| to the succeeding member and so on through the entire series.

The operation of the system is such that when the cam 92 is engaged with contacting member 88, battery is applied through lower contact 94, conductor 95, tongue 96 and one of the bus bars of transmitter 19 to one of the windings 83 and 84 of relay 85 whereby the tongue 91 is moved to one of its contacts corresponding to the setting of the transmitter tongue 98. As the cam, in moving toward the right, becomes disengaged from the member 88 allowing it to return to its upper contact 98, a circuit is completed from battery connected to contacting member 81, through the other contacting members and'their upper contacts, conductor 99, tongue 91 and one of the contacts of regenerative relay 85 to one of the windings III or II2 of transmitting relay 3 thereby positioning the tongue Ill of this relay in accordance with tongues 91 and 98 of relay 85 and transmitter I9 respectively. Thus a corresponding signal is sent to the line LI 0 I Included in the conductor 95, and in all other similar conductors, are current limiting resistors In the present embodiment of the invention, feed-back circuits between the transmitters of the various multiplexes exist, but their effects are minimized by the use of the resistors II5. Thus, in extreme circumstances, suflicient feedback current may flow in one of the windings of relay 85 to produce nothing more than a slight bias to the movements of the tongue 91. But it will be noted that transmission to the line is not effected directly from relay 85. Instead, transmitting relay I I3 is not actuated until stable conditions prevail in relay' 85, and then by means which are not susceptible to biasing influences,

The tape stepping and other local control functions are performed by the periodic engagement of another cam II6 with the contacting members II! and H8 in a conventional manner.

Circuit I02 of this modification of the invention, in addition to an intermediate storage or regenerative relay, is provided with continuity preserving circuits whereby line signals having signal to line LI02, and that tongue I24 of transmitter I25 is set against the marking bus bar I26. As the cam 92 actuates the member 88 into engagement with its lower contact 94, winding I21 of relay I22 is energized and the tongue H9 is moved to its left hand contact. Negative potential is still applied to line LI02 from the right hand contact of relay I22, conductor I28, right hand contact and tongue I2I of relay I23 and a pair of parallel circuits of which one comprises a shunting resistance I29 and the other comprises a series connection of another shunting resistance I3I and the Winding I32 of relay I23. When cam 92 becomes disengaged from the member 88, battery, through the contacting members 81 and their upper contacts, is applied to conductor I33 to operate relay I34 which by the closure of its contact I35 applies the positive ployed to operate the transmitting relay is also the battery which is applied to the line for transmitting the signals. Also, in this manner, one polarity of potential is maintained in connection with the line until the other is also connected to it at the time when the transmitting relay is being repositioned. Thus,'1ine signals are obtained which have the same quality as those transmitted by the usual multiplex distributor. since the intermediate relay I22 performs the same regenerative function as the relay 85 previously described.

Circuit I03 comprising transmitting apparatus I36 which may be similar to that of circuit IIII or circuit I82 or any conventional apparatus is connected to the system to transmit over line LI83. Other equipment may also be connected to that shown in Fig. 2 to transmit over line LIN, etc.

The various line circuits which emanate from a transmitting station, such as the one shown in Fig. 2, may be terminated at a plurality of receiving stations where the signals are received in a. well known manner or they may be carried over a plurality of difierent routes, some more devious than others and differing in electrical characteristics, to a common receiving station located at aremote point. Hence, although transmitted simultaneously, the signalsreceived from different circuits may be appreciably displaced in phase from one another and variously affected by interference. Accordingly, means for compensating for this phase displacement and for utilizing the portion of the respective signals least affected by interference must be included in the receiving apparatus which is to employ a single sequencing device common to all circuits.

Fig. 3 illustrates the receiving apparatus for three circuits IIlI, I82 and I83 utilizing respectively lines LIIlI, LI82 and LIII3 terminating at such a common receiving station. As at the transmitting station, a single distributor is employed to switch the signals received from the plurality of lines to the proper receiving devices in their correct sequence. Assume, in this instance, that the receiving distributor or sequencing device is maintained in synchronism with the transmitting distributor, according to the usual multiplex practice, by the signals transmitted over line LI8I which may be assumed for. the present consideration to be the one producing the minimum phase distortion of the signals. It will be apparent that any, of the other lines may be used for phase correction with equal facility and the amount of phase distortion present in such line is not important.

The distributor I31, a perspective development of which is shown, comprises a series of cam actuated contacting members I38, I39, etc. which are normally held against their upper contacts by any conventional retractile means. The cam I has a face which is equal in length to the displacement of adjacent contacting members. Forming part of the cam drum or otherwise operated in definite timed relation thereto are a series of short segments I42, I43, I44 and I48 The signals are, in addition, unbiased relay I69 on its left hand contact.

.equal in length to about one-tenth of the displacement of adjacent contacting members and a series of long segments I48, --I41, I48 and I49 equal in length to about one-half of the displacement of adJacent contacting members. The segments are connected to a bottom plate I5I by a plurality of screws I52 and are maintained at ground potential by means of a brush I53 arranged to effect a sliding contact with the plate. A plurality of supporting members I54, I55 and I56, each carrying a pair of individually adjustable brushes bearing on the groups of segments. are arranged around the distributor I31. One pair of brushes is associated with eacn multiplex circuit.

The cam actuated contacts I38, I39, etc. are individually connected by a cable I51 to a plurality of circular terminal blocks I58, I89 and I6I in multiple. One terminal of each of the selecting magnets of the printers I62 and I63 associated with multiplex circuit IIII is connected by a cable I84 to a circular plug I65 which is adapted for insertion into the block I58 in any one of the ten positions made possible by the equal spacing of the ten like members of the plug and the ten like cooperating members of the terminal block.

The engagement of the cam I4.I with successive contacting members I38, I39, etc. applies the positive potential connected to the lower contacts associated with the contacting members sequentially to one terminal of the selecting magnets of the printers I62 and I63. The application of potential to each of the magnets is for a time period equal to the time required to receive one line signal. The engagement of brush I66 with one of the long segments I46, I41, I48, I49, etc. connects a ground to the tongue I61 of polarized relay I68 which further extends it to the other terminals of the selecting magnets of printers I62 and I63 in accordance with the reception of marking signals intended for the respective printers. The tongue I61 of relay I68 is positioned on its left or right hand contacts in accordance with signals received from line LIIlI by polarized line relay I89 whenever brush I1I engages one of the short segments I42, I43, I44, I45, etc.

For a description of the operation of the receiving system with reference to circuit IIlI, assume that the first signal received over line LIDI for the printer I63 is being impressed on relay I89. Also assume that this signal is marking and effects the positioning of tongue I12 of Positive potential .is thus applied to one terminal of the winding I13 of regeneratin relay I68. The circuit is further extended and includes the relatively small right hand portion of winding I13, condenser I14, resistance I15, conductor I2 of cable I16, brush HI and short grounded segment I43 which brush IN is shown just leaving. During the brief engagement of the brush and segment, condenser I14 becomes charged, the charging current being conducted through the small portion of the winding I13 of relay I68. If, from the preceding signal, the tongue I61 of relay I68 was engaged with its right hand contact, the heavy charging current initiates a movement of the tongue toward its left hand contact. The movement is completed after the disengagement of brush HI and segment I43 by the discharge of condenser I14 through the relabling positive response of the relay to an exceedingly short impulse. If the'tongue I81 is in engagement with its left hand contact, the operating current mains such engagement.

The brush HI and others corresponding there- 'to may be adjustably located on their respective supporting members I54, I55, I56, etc. for orienting purposes so that the engagement with the short segments may be secured during the reception of those portlonsof the signals least affected by interference irrespective of the phase relation thereof. To accomplish this, the brushes are provided with a range of adjustment equal to the displacement of adjacent segments. This adjustment of the brushes compensates for the average phase displacement of signals received from any of the lines with respect to those of line LIIII in the assumed case. However, it is obviously within the scope of the invention to provide some conventional automatic correcting device whereby any pair of brushes may be arranged to compensate for temporary deviations of its associated signals from said average phase displacement.

As soon as brush I1I leaves short segment I43,

brush I66 initiates its engagement with long.

segment I41 which continues for a time substantially equal to one half that required for one signal. Coincident with this engagement,

cam I4I moves the contacting member I38 to its lower contact I18. For an assumed relation between the line signals and the angular position of the cam IN, the plug I65 is inserted into terminal block I58 in such a manner that block terminal I19 is engaged with plug terminal I8I. Thus a circuit is completed from the battery connected to contact I18 through conductor 6 of cable I51, terminals I19 and IN, conductor 6 of cable I64, selecting magnet I82 of printer I63, left hand contact and tongue I61 of relay I68, conductor II of cable I16 and brush I66 to the grounded long segment I41. This circuit remains closed for approximately one half a signal length or during the time in which the first half of cam MI is traversing the contacting member I38. However, since the impulse applied to the printer selecting magnet is generated locally and is therefore of excellent character, it is entirely adequate to produce good printer operation.

The translation of subsequent line signals into printer impulses is effected in a similar manner by the engagement of brushes I66 and HI with succeeding segments and of the cam I4I with succeeding contacting members. The brushes such as IE6 associated with the long segments are also provided with adjustments whereby their engagement with the segments may be made to occur at any desired time during the engagement of the cam I4I with any of its associated contacting members I38, I39, etc. In the operation just described, this time was selected during the first half of said engagement. Obviously, it could have been selected during the last half of said engagement or at any intermediate time and the signal would have been properly recorded on selecting magnet I82 of printer I63. Thus, it will be seen that signals lagging those just considered by as much as one half a signal may be recorded with the connection of the plug I65 and the block I58 as described, by adjusting the brushes I68 and HI to produce the proper lag of the responsive devices.

A concrete illustration of such a condition will be considered by assuming that the signals re-.

ceived from line LIII2 arrive one half a signal length later than those received from line LIIJI. The plug I83 is inserted into the terminal block I59 in a manner corresponding to the engagement of the plug I65 and the block I58 of circuit IIII so that plug terminal I84 associated with conductor 6 of printer cable I85 is in contact with block terminal I86. regenerative relay I81 of circuit I02 to the delayed signals received by line relay I88 is made to occur one half a signal length later than the response of relay I68 of circuit IOI by moving brush I89 to a position midway between adjacent short' segments. This brush is connected to the winding I9I of relay I81 by conductor I4 of cable I16 and does not engage the short segment I44 to impress the first signal destined for printer I92 upon winding I9I until the contacting member I38 is approaching engagement with the center of the face of cam MI. The brush I93 which is connected to the tongue I94 of relay I 81 by conductor I3 of cable I16 is positioned .so that it is engaged by the long segment I48 as soon as the engagement of brush I89 and the short segment I44 is discontinued and at the time that the contacting member I38 is at the center of the face of cam I4I. Thus, it is seen that a circuit is completed through the selecting magnet I95 of printer I92 if the tongue I94 of relay I81 is on its left hand contact in response delayed so that, for example, the signal destined for the first printer selecting magnet arrives more than one half of a signal length later than the corresponding signal of circuit IDI, it will be seen that even though the brush associated with the short segments may be adjusted to apply any desired portion of the signal to the regenerative relay, it is not possible to deliver the entireimpulse generated by one of the long segments and its associated brush to the first selecting magnet during the engagement of cam I4l with the contacting member I38, However, it is within the scope of the instant invention to properly record all signals irrespective of the phase relation in which they are received.

For the purpose of illustrating th unlimited flexibility of the receiving system disclosed in Fig. 3 assume that the signals received from line LI83 arrive three quarters of a signal length later than those received from line LIllI. The plug I 96 is inserted in the block I6I so that plug terminal I91 associated with conductor 6' of cable I98 is in contact with block terminal I99. The brush 2II is adjusted so that it is not engaged by short segment I45 until the contacting member I38 has been traversed by approximately three quarters of the face of cam I4I, at which time the delayed line signal destined for the first selecting magnet 2I2 of printer 2I3 is impressed upon the winding 2I4 of regenerative relay 2I5.

The brush 2I6 is adjusted to be engaged by long segment I49 when the cam I4I has moved from the position shown a distance equal to the displacement of adjacent contactin members I38, I39, etc. At this time th member I39 will have just been moved to its lower contact 2I1 to apply positive potential to conductor I of cable I51. This potential is applied to one'terminal of magnet 2l2 of printer 2I3 by reason of the engage- The response of ment of plug terminal I91 with block terminal I99. Hence the ground connected to conductor l of cable I16 by the brush 2! and long segment I49 is connected to th other terminal of printer magnet 2I2 if the tongue 2I8 of relay 2l5 is positioned on its left hand contact in response to a marking line signal. Under these conditions printer magnet H2 is energized during the first half of the engagement of cam.l4i and contacting member I39.

Thus, it is seen that, by adjustably repositioning thebrushes of the distributor I3'i and by suitably positioning the plugs I 65, I83 and I96 in their respective terminal blocks I 58. I59 and I6I, signals transmitted by the apparatus of Fig. 2 or any other apparatus of this type may be re-. ceived by the apparatus of Fig. 3 or its equivalent irrespective of the phase'relation of said signals.

The transmitting apparatus for another form of the invention is shown in Figs. 4 and 5. The system illustrated is for the simultaneous oper- Moreover, the glow discharge tubes such as 236 serve as valves to prevent the establishment or any deleterious feed-back circuits. For example, with the brush 234 in the position shown, in contact with segment 239, to transmit a mark ing signal to line L2BI and a spacing signal to line L203, tongue 24I of transmitter 22| is set bar 249 Of transmitter 22I would includ discharge tubes H and 236 arranged in series connection. Hence, it is obvious that the potential ation of a plurality of four-channel multiplex circuits, of which two, 20I and 203, are shown. Dissimilar bus bars of adjacent transmitters: 2I9, 22I 222 and 223 ar strapped together for the purpose of producing reversals of the line potential during idle periods. Connected to the transmitter bus bars are the control circuit of a pair of thermionic vacuum tube 224 and 225 arranged in push-pull relation to energize respectively the windings 226 and 227 of a polarized transmitting relay 228. The tubes are suitably biased so that the windings of relay 228 are either both deenergized or equally energized as desired.

The impulse generator is in the form of a segmented distributor 229 comprising two segmented rings 23I and 232'and a solid ring 233 upon which is impressed a potential. Positive potential is employed in this instance, although negative may be used if desired, provided suitable connections of the receiving apparatus and of the windings of relay 228 are made. The rings of the distributor 229 are traversed by a brush 234 by means of which-battery is connected through the segments of ring 23I to successive conductors of a network 235, Also, during the brush traverse, this battery is connected periodically to the segments of ring 232 to control the tape feeding of the various channels.

The individual tongues of the transmitters are connected to separate conductors of th network through gaseous conduction or glow discharge tubes such as 236 which may comprise neon lamps, each having a breakdown potential slightly less than thatapplied to the transmitters by the ring 233. In operation, the present system is substantially similar to the modifications previously described. As the brush 234 passes over the segments of ring 23I, either winding 226 or 221 of transmitting relay 228 is energized depending upon th position of the tongues of the transmitters 2I9, 22], '222 and 223. The value of the current flowing in the resistances 231i or 238 is small because of the low conductivity of the lamps such as 236 but it is sufficient to produce a potential drop across the resistances whereby either the tube 224 or 225 is conditioned to energize one of the windingsof relay 228. The small amplitude of the current impulses passed by the lamps such as 236 is advantageous for the reason that the current conducted by the rings 23I and 233is maintained'at a low value, even when a large number of circuits are connected to the network 235. 1

applied to such a feed-back circuit, if selected to be only slightly in excess of the minimum value which will ionize one of the gaseous conduction tubes sufilciently to effect a discharge therethrough, will be insuflicient to effect conduction through two such tubes in series, Consequently, there are no feed-back circuits in the present embodiment to produce even slightly biased signals.

As the brush 234 successively engages the segments of ring 23I, its contact with segment 252 effects the transmission of the signal impulse set up by tongue 253 of transmitter 222. and its contact with segment 254 effects the transmission of the signal set up by tongue 255 of transmitter 22I.- Thus, the transmission time relation of these two signals is reversed and since the polarities of the corresponding line signals are opposite, an interleaving effect of the second and third channels of multiplex circuit 2M is accomplished. As previously described, the usual multiplex practice of reversingthe bus bar connections between adjacent transmitters produces,

in one complete traverse oi th distributor brush 234 during periods when all channels are idle, line signals which comprise two cycles of alternating current having a frequency equal to twenty per cent of the signal frequency. Such signals are represented in Fig. 6 by the heavy line 256, if it is assumed to be continuous as indicated by the continuous and dotted portions together.

However, with such an arrangement it is possible for a out-of-phase condition between the transmitting and receiving apparatus to exist without being immediately apparent. The interleaving of the second and third channels, described hereinbefore, eliminates the possibilityof such an occurrence, and at the same time, produces more reversals of the line potential during idle periods whereby closer synchronism between the transmitting and receiving distributors may be obtained. Fig. 6 also shows the line signals during idle periods resulting from the arrangements described. Such signals are represented by the solid lines, both heavy line 256 and light line 251 and may be seen to comprise four cycles of alternating current. of course, appropriate connections of the receiving apparatus are made so that all of the signal elements of the two channels are properly received on'their respective receiving devices.

Transmitting apparatus 258 of Fig. 4 is connected to the network 235and the associated tape stepping circuits to transmit signals from circuit 202 over line L202.

Fig. 5' illustrates one manner of connecting another four-channel multiplex circuit 203, operating at the same speed as circuits 20! and 202, so that its functioning is controlled by distributor 229 of Fig. 4. It will be noted that the interleaving of the second and third channels has been omitted from circuit 203. This is made possible by the present invention because, even though two or more multiplex systems are sequenced by a common device, they are in all other respects entirely independent of one'another. Their respective signals are transmitted over difierent line wires and may represent diiferent characters. In fact, it is not necessary that corresponding channels of the various multiplexes be connected to their respective lines simultaneously.

The essential apparatus comprising a receiving station at which a number of simultaneously sequenced multiplex circuits are terminated is illustrated fragmentarily in Fig. '7. As at the sending station, a single distributor 258 is employed to switch the signals received from the plurality of lines to the proper receiving devices in their correct sequence. The distributor 258 comprises two segmented rings 26! and 262, each having an equal number of similar segments but those of one ring being displaced one half a segment length from those of the other. A solid ring 263 furnishes battery to the segments of rings 26! and 262 through a brush 264. Local rings for providing the sixth or printing impulse to the various receiving devices also form part of the distributor but, being conventional, they have been omitted from the drawing. Two other rings 265 and 266 are either included in this distributor or are operated in a definite timed relation thereto and constitute a source of alternating current having a frequency double that of the signals. Only the apparatus for the operation of the receiving equipment of the second and third multiplex channels is illustrated, it being typical of all other channels.

The segments of rings 26! and 262 are individually connected by a cable 261 to a plurality of terminal blocks 268, 269 and 21! in multiple arrangement. It will be understood that the showing of these blocks is diagrammatic. In practicing the invention, circular terminal blocks as illustrated in Fig. 3 are preferable because of their flexibility. Segments of ring 26! are terminated horizontally and those of ring 262 vertically on these blocks. The receiving devices are connected to plugs 212, 213 and 214 which are adapted for positioning in either the horizontal or vertical portions of the terminal blocks. With circular terminal blocks, as noted above, round plugs would be employed.

Alternating current is generated on ring 265 at a frequency twice that of the line signals and is passed through a Wave shaping network 215, the output of which is substantially sinusoidal. Obviously, other forms of generators-of the proper frequency may be employed if desired and the wave shaping networks may be omitted in some cases, if desired. Associated respectively with the lines L20 L202 and L203 are polarized relays 216, 211 and 218 which are operated by the alternating current through individual phase shifting devices 219, 28! and 282 which are employed for varying the phase relation of the alternating current applied to the relays. Thephase shifting devices are each capable of displacing the alternating current in phase by at least one complete cycle.

The operation of the receiving apparatus is substantially similar to that of Fig. 3. Assume that the signals received from line L20! are the least displaced in phase from the transmitted signals, and that those received from lines L202 and L203 are lagging the signals of line L20! by one half a signal length and three quarters of a signal length respectively, which also were the assumed conditions in the description of the embodiment of Fig. 3. Accordingly, the phase shifting devices 219, 28! and 282 are respectively ad- ,iusted to produce lagging phase displacements of zero, one half a cycle and three quarters of a cycle with respect to the generated alternating current. In response to the alternating current, the winding of the relay 216 is conditioned to os cillate the tongue 284 between its contacts, thereby alternately. applying the ground connected thereto to the winding 285 and tongue 286 of the regenerator relay 281.. Since a complete cycle of the alternating current generated on ring 265 occurs in the time required for the reception of one signal impulse, the winding 285 of relay 281 is rendered responsive to the signals received on the tongue 288 of the line relay 289 for one half of this time, during which the tongue 286 assumes a position corresponding to that of tongue 288. During the other half of the time, the regener" ated line signal is applied to the appropriate selector magnet as previously described, a typical circuit from the battery of ring 263 being segment 29! of ring 26!, conductor 6 of the multiplecable 261, conductor 6' of printer cable 292, the winding of selecting magnet 293 of printer 294, left v hand contact and tongue 286 of relay 281 (if positioned to the left in response to a marking signal on the second channel) right hand contact and tongue 284 of relay 216 to ground.

If it be assumed that, during the negative half cycle of the alternating current applied to winding 295 of relay 216, the tongue 284 is engaged with its left hand contact to render the relay 281 responsive to the line relay 289 and that, during the positive half cycle, the tongue 284 is engaged with its right hand contact to deliver the regenerated signal to one of the printer selecting magnets, it will be seen that, according to the circuit just described, the magnet 293 is energized during the first half of the engagement of brush 264 with the segment 29!. Hence, the signals of L202, lagging those of line L20! by one half a signal length, may be properly received by adjusting the phase shifting device 28! so that the operations of relay 211 lag those of relay 216 by one half cycle of the generated alternating current. Thus the delivery time of the regenerated signal to the selecting magnet 296 of printer 291 coincides with the engagement of brush 264 with the last half of segment 29!.

Signals which are delayed with respect to those of circuit 20! by more than one half a signal length but less than one complete signal length cannot be properly applied to the printer by utilizing ring 26!. The signals which are assumed to be received from line L203 are of this nature since they are delayed by three quarters of a signal length. With the phase shifting device 282 adjusted to these signals, it may be seen that during the engagement of the tongue 298 of relay 218 with its right hand contact to deliver the regenerated signal to selecting magnet 299 of printer 3! the brush 264 is traversing the last quarter of segment 28! and the first quarter of segment 3l2. It is obvious that one half of the regenerated signal would be applied to selecting magnet 299 and one half erroneously to magnet 3!3. However, this signal and all subsequent ones may be properly applied to magnet 299 by inserting the plug 214 in the vertical. portion of the block 21! so that the selecting magnet is connected by conductor 6a of cable 261 to segment 3! 4 of ring 262. The regenerated signal is thus recorded during the engagement of brush thereof.

On account of the interleaving of the second and third channels of multiplex circuits 20! and 202 described hereinbefore, the sequencing of selecting magnets 3l5 and M6 of the second and third channel printers 294 and 3" respectively of circuit 20! and magnets 3!8 and MS of printers 291 and 32! respectively of circuit 202 are reversed in time by connecting them respectively to segments 322 and 323 of ring 26!.

The instant invention may also be embodied in a form whereby a plurality of telegraph circuits, each having a difierent speed of operation may be controlled by a sequencing device common to all circuits. Fig. 8 shows one form of the invention susceptible of this type of operation. A sequencing device 324 comprising a solid ring 325 to which is connected at source of potential, a segmented ring 326 and a brush321 arranged traverse the rings is used for this purpose. Circuit 30! is a two-channel multiplex comprising transmitters 328 and 329 which are arranged to transmit over line L30l. The tongues of the transmitters are individually terminated in a plug 33!. This plug may be inserted in anyone of the terminal blocks 332, 333 and 334. The terminals of these blocks are connected by conductors of a cable 335 according to a prearranged plan to the segments of ring 326.

By engaging the plug 33! with the terminal block 333, the distributor 324 is utilized to drive the transmitting relay 336 in accordance with the settings of the tongues of transmitters 328 and 329. One character from each of the transmitters is sent to line L30! by the movement of brush 321 of the distributor 324 over the segments associated with conductors I to inclusive of cable 335. New character combinations are set up in the transmitters by means of a local ring in a well known manner. Following the transmission of the first two characters, the brush 321 continues its rotation passing successively over the segments of ring 326 associated with conductors I1 to 30 inclusive of cable 335 to send two more characters from these transmitters. Thus it is seen that in one complete traversal of the ring 326 by the brush 321, two characters are sent from each of the transmitters 328 and 329.

It should'be obvious that by terminating conductors !1 to 30 inclusive of cable 335 in additional studs of a terminal block instead of connecting them in multiple with conductors to !5 inclusive, a four-channel multiplex circuit may also be operated. In this case one character from each of the four transmitters comprising such a circuit would be sent for each complete traversal of the ring 326 by brush 321.

If it is desired to operate circuit 30! at a lower speed the plug 33! may be inserted in the terminal block 332. It will be noted that only half as many segments of ring 326 areconnected to the terminal block 332. Hence a complete travtransmission of one character from each of the transmitters 328 and 329. Thespeed of operation of circuit 30! when the transmitters are connected to terminal block 332 is one half of that wshen the transmitters are connected to block 3 3.

It may be desirable to operate one of the transmitters of circuit 30! at a relatively high speed and the other transmitter at a relatively low speed. One arrangement for accomplishing this result may be made by inserting the plug 33! in the terminal block 334. As the brush 321 crosses segments of ring 326 associated with cable conductors i, 5 and 1, the first three character impulses are sent from transmitter 329. The subsequent engagement of brush 321 with the segments associated with cable conductors 9 to !5 inclusive effect the transmission of a complete character set up in transmitter 328. The remaining two character impulses of transmitter 329 are next sent over line L30! by the engagement of brush 321 with the segments associated with cable conductors !1 and !9. A second character is transmitted from the transmitter 328 when the brush 321 successively engages segments associated with cable conductors 2! to 21 inclusive. With this type of connection it is seen that during one complete revolution of the brush 321, one character is sent from transmitter 329 while two characters are sent from transmitter 328.

Circuit 302 which comprises transmitters 331, 338 and 339 forming a three-channel multiplex system, may also be connected to the distributor 324 for sequencing. The tongues of the transmitters are individually connected to the terminals of a plug 34! which is adapted for insertion into a terminal block 342. Certain of the ersal of the ring 326 by brush 321 results in the segments of ring 326 are connected by conductors of cable 335 to the terminals of block 342. As the brush 321 is traversing the ring 326 to drive relay 336 of circuit 30!, it also serves to operate relay 343 of circuit 302 whereby the character signals set up in the transmitters 331, 338 and. 339 are sent over line L302.

Thus one character is sent from each of these three transmitters for each complete revolution of the brush 321.

Such a system may be extended to operate a large number of other circuits arranged. in any of the forms shown in this figure or in any of the numerous other forms which will occurto those skilled in the art.

The nature of the invention may be determined from the foregoing description of several illustrative embodiments thereof. Obviously the invention is susceptible of numerous modifications which may be comprehended within the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a telegraph system. a plurality of transmitters, each having a plurality of contact tongues movable to marking or spacing positions in code combinations independent of the code combinations of other transmitters, a distributor. a plurality of conductors each connecting one of the contacts of said distributor to a contact tongue of each of said transmitters, a source of current, a plurality of relay means each connected in series relation with said source of current and the contact tongues of one of said transmitters, and means whereby all of said relay means simultaneously respond to the setting of the contact tongues of their associated transmitters one after another in accordance with the closure of'successive' distributor contacts.

2. In a telegraph system, a transmitter having a plurality oi. contact tongues movable to marking or spacing contacts, a distributor, conductors connectirm the contacts of said distributor to the respective contact tongues of the transmitter, a source of current, and a polar relay having two oppositely poled windings, one in series relation with a marking contact of said transmitter and the other in series relation with a spacing contact thereof.

3. In a telegraph system, a plurality of multiunit code controlling means, a distributor provided with a series of contacts, one for each unit the code, conductors connecting the respective contacts of said distributor to each of said code controlling means, code responsive means for each of said code controlling means, and means whereby said code responsive means are simultaneously controlled by their code controlling meansand said distributor.

4. In a telegraph system, utilizing permutation code signals, a plurality of translating devices each having an element for each unit of the code, a common sequencing device arranged to prepare for operation the elements of said translating devices in succession, said sequencing device embodying a series of contacts multipled to the elements of all of said translating devices, and means individual to each of said translating devices to selectively complete the operation of elements of its associated translating device independently of the selective operation of other translating devices.

5. In a telegraph system, a plurality of communication channels, means for storing signal combinations for each channel, and means including a segmented distributor each'oi the segments of which is common to all of said channels for transmitting said signal combinations simultaneously over their respective channels.

' 6. A telegraph system comprising a plurality of line circuits each having one terminal thereof in a central office, the other terminals thereof being located in a distant central ofllce, means including a sending distributor common to all of said circuits for transmitting simultaneously independent signals over said circuits, and means a generator of impulses of like polarity, and means individually associated with each or said channels for simultaneously switching successive impulses to one or the other oi said operating circuits of the associated circuit controlling device according to a prearranged code,

10. In a telegraph system, a plurality of startstop circuits, means for storing coded intelligence signals for each or said circuits, a sequencing device common to all of said circuits, and means including said device for simultaneously transmitting said signals together with start and rest signals over said circuits.

11. A telegraph system embodying a plurality of line circuits, a source of signalsfor each or said circuits, sequencing means common to all of said including a receiving distributor common to all or said circuits for independently recording simultaneously the signals sent over said circuits.

'2'. In a telegraph system, a plurality of line circuits, a transmitting relay associated with each of said circuits, a permutation code translating device associated with each oi! said circults, an impulse generator common to all of said circuits to control the operation of said relays in accordance with their respective translating devices, and means individual to each circuit each interposed between the respective relays and their associated translating devices for converting said impulses into unbiased line signals.

8. In a telegraph system, a plurality of con1- munication channels, a plurality of signaling devices each adapted to serve a group of said channels, a switching device associated with each of said channels, means for rendering said switching devices responsive to intelligence characters according to a prearranged code, a generator of impulses common to all of said channels, and means including said generator and said switching devices to effect the operation of said signaling devices.

9. In a telegraph system, a plurality of signaling channels, a plurality of circuit controlling devices each having a pair of operating circuits and being associated with one 01' said channels,

circuits for effecting simultaneously transmission of said signals over said circuits, a receiving device associated with each of said circuits, and

timing the impression oi said signals on the respective receiving devices irrespective of the phase relation of the signals received from the different circuits.

12. In a telegraph system embodying a plurality of line circuits and means for simultaneously signaling thereover, a receiving instrument having a plurality of code elements associated with each of said circuits, a contacting device common to all or said instruments for sequentially providing the code elements of said receiving instruments with receptive periods, a switching member associated with each of said circuits responsive to selected portions of said signals, and means including said contacting device for actuating said receiving instruments in accordgnce with the positions oi said switching memers.

13. In a telegraph system utilizing independent signals transmitted simultaneously over a plurality of diverse line circuits by reason of which the arrival at a receiving station of said signals is displaced in time, a plurality of re ceivers associated with said line circuits, a pin-- rality of normally open circuits connecting with said receivers, means common to all or said rcceivers for periodically closing said normally open circuits in sequence, a regenerating device individual toeach of said line circuits, circuits in terconnecting said receivers with the respective regenerating devices, and means for operating each regenerating device in a definite phase relation with its respective signals.

14. In a receiving apparatus for a plurality oi telegraph line circuits utilizing simultaneous y transmitted independent signals, a plurality of receivers, means common to all of said receivers for periodically rendering said receivers receptive, a regenerating device for each or said line circuits and having an input circuit associated with its corresponding line circuit and an output circuit associated with a group oi. said receivers, and switching means associated with each signals of one of said line circuits, a plurality of receivers arranged to be conditioned for operation by said distributor, and means for regenerating signals received from said line circults, said means including a commutator operated in definite time relation withsaid distributor and a pair of commutator brushes individual to each of said line circuits.

16. A telegraph system comprising a plurality of signaling circuits, a single sending distributor, means including said distributor for efiecting independent and simultaneous transmission over said circuits, a single receiving distributor, and means including said receiving distributor for receiving said signals irrespective of the relative arrival times of the signals from different circuits.

17. In a telegraph system, the method of simultaneously signaling over a plurality of line circuits which comprises sequentially impressing current impulses upon a plurality or trunk circuits, simultaneously diverting each impulse therefrom into a plurality of lccal'circuits, and utilizing each of said diverted impulses to control the operation of a transmittingflevice associated with one of said line circuits.

18. In a communication "system a plurality of telegraph instruments each havinga group of code elements, a circuit commonto all'of said elements of each group, a repeating apparatus connected to'each oi! said common circuits, means for generating a series of unidirectional impulses, and means for connecting said generating means simultaneously to corresponding elements of said plurality of telegraph instruments sequentially in a predetermined order.

19. In a communication system a plurality of telegraph instruments each having a group of code elements, a group individual circuits each being associated with corresponding elements of all 01' said telegraph instruments, a circuit common to all of said elements of each group, a .repeating apparatus connected to each of said common circuits, a source of potential, and sequenching switch means for connecting said potential to said individual circuits one after the other.

20. In a communication system a plurality of telegraph instruments each having a group of code elements, a group of circuits each being associated with corresponding elements of all of said telegraph instruments, a line circuit for each telegraph instrument, a repeating apparatus connected directly between each line circuit and its corresponding telegraph instrument, and a sequencing device connected to time the operation of the respective circuits associated with said code elements.

21. In a telegraph system, a plurality of armatures individually movable tomarking or spacing contacts, a distributor, conductors connecting the contacts of said distributor to the respective armatures, and marking and spacing signal repeating apparatus having two input circuits respectively effective to produce opposite operations of said apparatus, said input circuits being connected respectively to said marking and spac ing contacts.

22. In a telegraph system, a relatively high speed signaling circuit, a plurality of armatures individually'positionable on marking or spacing contacts, a distributor having a plurality of segmented rings, means including one of said distributor rings for receiving signals from said relatively high speed signaling circuit and for selectively positioning said armatures to store said 1 received signals, a relatively low speed signaling circuit,"apparatus for transmitting marking and spacing signals over said relatively low speed signaling circuit including two input circuits respectively operable to oppositely control said apparatus, said input circuits being connected respectively to a pair of said marking and spacingcontacts. and means including connections between the contacts of another of said distributor rings and the respective armatures to selectively control said input circuits in accordance with the positions of said armatures.

23. In a telegraph system, a'multiplex signaling circuit having a plurality of channels, a pluralityof storage relays each having an operating winding and an armature controllable thereby for positioning on a marking or spacing contact, a distributor having a plurality of segmented rings, means including one of said rings for receiving signals from said multiplex circuit and for impressing said received signals successively on the operating windings of said relays, a start-stop signaling circuit, a signal transmitting device having two input circuits for transmitting signals over said start-stop circuit, said input circuits being connected respectively to a pair of said marking and spacing contacts, and means including connections between the contacts of another of said distributor rings and the respective armatures for selectively controlling the operation of said transmitting device in accordance with the positions of said armatures.

PHILO HOLCOMB, JR. 

